Smog is a type of air pollution characterized by a mixture of smoke and fog. It often results from the presence of pollutants, such as particulate matter and ground-level ozone, in the atmosphere. Smog can have adverse effects on health and the environment, and it is typically associated with urban areas and industrial activities.
- Respiratory Issues: Smog can exacerbate respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It can cause irritation of the airways, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
- Cardiovascular Problems: Prolonged exposure to smog has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular conditions.
- Eye and Skin Irritation: Smog can cause eye irritation and discomfort, as well as skin problems in some individuals.
- Reduced Lung Function: Long-term exposure to smog can lead to reduced lung function, especially in children and the elderly.
- Aggravation of Existing Health Conditions: Individuals with pre-existing health conditions are more vulnerable to the effects of smog, and their conditions may worsen.
- Premature Death: Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high levels of smog can lead to premature death, primarily due to respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- Environmental Impact: Smog can harm vegetation, including crop plants and forests, by reducing photosynthesis and causing damage to plant tissues. It can also contribute to the acidification of water bodies and damage to buildings and monuments.
- Reduced Visibility: Smog can reduce visibility, which can lead to accidents on the road and disrupt transportation systems.
- Climate Change: Some components of smog, such as black carbon particles, can contribute to global warming by absorbing sunlight and increasing atmospheric temperatures.
Efforts to mitigate smog often involve implementing air quality regulations, reducing emissions from industrial and transportation sources, and promoting cleaner energy sources and transportation alternatives to improve both public health and environmental well-being.
To address the issue of smog, the Punjab government has declared a four-day environmental and health emergency in the Lahore division, Gujranwala, and Hafizabad. Additionally, they have proclaimed a four-day holiday, starting from Thursday (observed as Iqbal Day, a national holiday), and lasting through Sunday.
Nonetheless, marriage halls, bakeries, pharmacies, public transport, and construction activities will continue without interruption.